主讲老师：高伟

重点解析：

英语（一）主要考核考生的词汇以及基本的应用能力，在复习上要注意一些基本的语法、词态等，下面摘取部分基本时态进行解析：

时态

1、一般现在时

对于一般现在时，考生在熟悉基本时态的概念和构成的同时，需要注意以下两点用法：表示普遍真理,表示时间、条件、比较状语从句时，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。

例：The earth moves around the sun.

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on picnic.

试题

They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ______their exams.

A. have finished

B. finish

C. finished

D. was finishing

2、一般过去时

考生必须熟悉动词变为过去式的形式，同时最重要的要认清句中陈述出来的时间状语，如yesterday, ago, in 1949等。

例：The children went out just now.

The foreign guests visited Nanjing last summer.

试题: You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You _____two classes just last week.

A. missed

B. would miss

C. had missed

D. have missed

3、一般将来时

考生必须了解一般将来时的构成方式。

如shall, will +do, am (is are) + going to do, am (is, are) +about to do, am (is are) + to do等。

同时要注意句中体现出来的时间状语及动作未来的含义。

如tomorrow, next year, this term, in the future等。

例：We are going to have a party tomorrow afternoon.

The highway is to be opened next year.

The talk is about to begin.

试题：A large proportion of the heat ____ (absorb) if the water does not boil.

答案：will be absorbed。

4、过去将来时

考生在熟悉一般将来时的构成及用法后，只需要在过去将来时中的 be 改为 was , were即可表示过去将来时的概念。需要注意的是句中陈述的是：“在过去某一时间内将要发生的动作或存在的状态”。

例 ：He said that he would let me know as soon as possible.

试题：I thought you have any objection to it.

A. won’t

B. would be

C. wouldn’t

D. will

5、现在进行时

考生必须熟悉该时态的基本构成及用法，既要注意ing的构词形式，也要认清句中陈述的时间状语及动作正在进行的含义，如now等。同时应注意：如果句中表示的是一种经常性的动作或状态，尤其是和always, constantly等副词连用，表示的不满、抱怨情绪时，也要用现在进行时表示。

例： We are struggling with backwardness and poverty.

He is always doubting my word.

试题: It is reported that a new TV center______ (set up) in our city.

答案：is being set up。

6、过去进行时

用法基本上与现在进行时类似，只需要把be改为was , were即可。需要用表示过去时间的状语或看清上下文动作之间的联系状态。

例：The sun was just setting as we reached home.

试题：I fell and hurt myself while I tennis.

A. was playing

B. am playing

C. play

D. played

7、将来进行时

考生需注意其构成形式中必须含有be动词，即will be doing，注意句中陈述出来的在将来某一具体时刻正在发生的动作。

例：I shall be having a meeting with Mr. Roy in 2 minutes.

试题: We are told the popular singers _____ (stay) for five days in the downtown.

答案：will be staying。

8、现在完成时

考生要熟悉该时态的基本用法及构成形式，并注意标志性的时间用语，如so far, by now/up to now, for a long time, since, in the past years, already, yet, lately等。

同时需加强注意两个句型：It(/This) is (will be) the first (second, third…last) time…结构的从句中要求用现在完成时；It(/This) is the best (worst, most interesting)+名词+that…结构中从句要求用现在完成时。

例：I haven’t seen much of her lately.

It is the first time I’ve heard her sing.

This is the most interesting film he has ever seen.

试题：You should have put the milk in the ice-box; I expect it ____undrinkable by now.

A. became

B. has become

C. had become

D. becomes

9、过去完成时

强调的是过去的过去，考生需熟悉该时态的结构并要注意：

(1) 经常用于said, reported, thought等引导的间接引语中。

(2) 常用在有hardly, scarcely, barely, no sooner…than…等副词的句子中，这种结构表示“刚…就…。”

(3) It was the first (second, third…last) time that…句型的从句中使用过去完成时。

(4) 与过去的事实相反的虚拟语气中。

例：

He said that he had missed the train.

She had hardly gone to bed when the bell rang.

It was the first time that he had lost the game.

If I had tried harder, I would have won.

试题：We our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

A. just have had

B. have just had

C. just had

D. had just had

Between 1897 and 1919, at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed .

A. had produced

B. have been produced

C. would have produced

D. had been produced

10、将来完成时

考生需注意该时态的结构，并首先注意应是未来的时间，然后是陈述者认为是在未来时间之前已经完成的动作，注意时间状语，如by the time, by the end of等。

例：I’ll have done all the work by the time you are back this evening.

试题：By the year 2010,scientists probably a cure for cancer.

A. will be discovering

B. are discovering

C. will have discovered

D. have discovered

11、现在完成进行时

考生需注意该时态的结构，并注意强调动作从过去到现在的“一直性”，这个动作有可能继续进行下去。注意：考题中经常会出现如wait for, writing letter, study, work等词。

例：She has been working hard at English since last term.

试题：I on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.

A. was knocking

B. am knocking

C. knocking

D. have been knocking

12、过去完成进行时

强调过去某个时间以前已经开始而又延续到过去这个时间的动作。该时态由于在高自考中出题较少，故不作为重点时态掌握。

例：She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day.

试题：When I first met Ann, she for Exxon for 15 years.

A. had been working

B. have been working

C. worked

D. has worked