一、填空式阅读雀屏中选

    2008年新大纲规定阅读理解B部分新题型为四选一，具体给出了四种备选题型，即填空式阅读，概括标题，信息匹配，排序题。

    正如我在11月份的新题型点评中所说，信息匹配题考查论点与论据之间的匹配关系，考点单一，难度系数小，根本不用考虑。标题题“偏向于考察文章各部分内部的逻辑关系”，2007年出了，结果全国平均分过高，说明难度系数过小，今年考查可能性不大。排序题则有内在缺陷，具体说就是区分度不佳，出现局部选对可能一分不得，而不做题直接五道题都全选成一样的选项，可以混2分，出题专家对此应该有所考虑。因此，四种题目中，唯有填空式阅读最争气，因其最成熟，最有难度，考点最全面，最能体现新题型部分测试重点，即语篇一致性和连贯性。

二、难度高于07年低于05，06年

    今年这篇文章从题型难度上来讲，高于2007年的标题题，但是从填空式阅读题型本身来讲，难度系数低于2005年，2006年的考题。原因首先是题材的选择，关于写作文的问题，学生比较熟悉。其次其中42，44题出空的位置在段中间，前后提示信息明显，容易选对。第三，干扰项诱惑力不强，容易排除。

    按照课上所讲的C原则五项衔接标志做题，其中42，43，44，45做题标志明显，得分率应该较高，而41可按照U原则筛选剩余项的方法做出。学生得分应集中在4-6分，部分优秀同学可以得8分以上。

三、一起做做看

    下面我们按照做题流程来看看这套题目。

    首先扫读段首段尾，精读空前空后。

The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write (41)________________.

    这一段写道：削铅笔，收拾桌子之类的和写作没关系的事，都放到一边，坐着、站着、躺着，想怎么写就怎么写，才能下笔有神。

Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42)________________________. Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.

    这段提到如何客观地对待写作大纲：写作提纲有指导作用，但创作时不应受其束缚，应在创作中随时添加灵感。语法、拼写等问题则留待修改时再考虑，初稿创作精力应集中在思想观点的表述上。其中but后的do not permit it (outline) to railroad you是非常重要的信息，这里用了一个很有意思的词“railroad”，当这个名词活用作动词的时候，我们大致能够推测出意思来，就是像铁轨引导火车一样让提纲牵着作者的鼻子走。

(43) ________________________. Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on either side.

    这段43空后的内容说：这么做的好处是便于整理每一页的内容，如果要剪切某个段落到别处去，不会损失写在背面的内容。其中应该注意that way这个代词指代关系。

If you are working on a word processor, you can make advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44)____________________________. These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.

    这段44空前说：利用文字处理软件可以轻松删改，添加内容，并可进行拼写和语法检查。44空后说：这些打印出来的文本较之屏幕上的东西更便于修改。其中printout，software programs为主旨词，also表示并列关系为做题标志词。

Once you have a first draft you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote the A& P as a state wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)_____________________________.

    这段首句说：可以在初稿基础上添加、删节，使文章更有说服力。45空前的句子举例子说某学生写文章时删去了一个段落，这个段落讲的是Sammy这个人是否对妇女有歧视。其中Sammy ，A& P为大写专有名词，为做题标志词。

Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again --- working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into simple.

    这段话只要看首句：“对初稿要求不要过高。只有不断修改才能最终清晰地表达思想。”

    好，看完原文中空前空后的内容，现在开始看选项。做题时，使用Coherence原则（语篇o make revision easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.

    这个选项说：＂为了便于后来修改，行间距、边距要大。而且仅在纸的一面写字，背面不写＂。这里“only one side of the paper”与43的“will not lose any writing on either side”中的side原词呼应。原文中的“that way”与该选项中描述的做法形成代词呼应。选项与原文段落主题一致，即均描述如何写草稿便于后续修改的问题，而且均认为只应该写一面。所以A选项放在43位置。

[B] After you have already and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraph. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what your are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.

    这个选项说: “论文正文写完了，再关注开头、结尾部分，并解释了原因。” 而根据我们的阅读，原文重点是如何写first draft, 即初稿。全文没有出现introductory 或concluding paragraph这样的主旨词。判断该选项可能为干扰项，暂时搁置。

[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrible, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on desks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.

    这个段落中出现了“printer”“print their pages”这样的词，可以与44段的these printouts形成复现关系; 而C选项所论述的打印出草稿（print their pages）的好处，刚好与44后的一句说打印稿好处(printouts)的句子构成并列，从而满足了逻辑关系词also。两点定位，那么44必选C无疑。

[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.

    这段说：“写作的方式无关大局，怎么舒服怎么来。”而全文说道how you write的就只有第一段（回忆：sit, stand up, or lie down to write），根据主题一致原则考虑D可以放到41的位置，当然这还要看剩余项筛选的结果，如果没有见到更好的选项，就选它了。

[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.

    这段说：“虽然说这是个有趣的问题，但与文章主题没有关系，它解释了环境是如何促使Sammy做出辞职的决定的。所以这一段话没有写入文章。”

    其中Sammy，以及A&P大写专有名词复现，立刻考虑是否可以定位到45，而45段说的恰好是与全文无关的内容就删去，符合主题一致原则。所以初步判断E放在45的位置。

[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A&P” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.

    这个段落中也重复出现了A&P和Sammy，那么F和E就有了竞争关系，看谁更合适放在45的位置。这里发现F说的是“significance of setting”，与45段论述的不是一个主题，所以这是个干扰项。

[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.

    这个段落说：很多好作家根本都不用outline, 而是别写边发现写作顺序。因此不要试图第一次就写出很完美的初稿来。这里的主旨词是outline, draft。而42段的主旨词恰好是outline, draft。而且该段的论述认为作家不应该让outline牵着鼻子走。因此根据主题一致，原词复现的做题原则。这道题选42。

    如果还不是太确定41题选D,此时可以在B, F,D中再筛选以下，发现B,F放在41肯定违背主题一致原则。因而判断D为41位置的最佳选项。