_5_he, however, might tremble at the _6_of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing paper which not only _7_that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in _8_are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection

    This group generally do well in IQ test, __9__ 12-15 points above the _10__ value of 100, and have contributed  _11_  to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the _12_ of  their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,  _13_ . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, _14__, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been _15_ to social effects, such as a strong tradition of _16_ education. The latter was seen as a (an) _17_ of genetic isolation. Dr Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately _18_.  His argument is that the unusual history of these people has _19_ them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this _20_ state of affairs.

    1. [A]selected [B]prepared [C]obliged [D]pleased

    //一个but，说出了上下文关系，也说出了答案。

    2. [A]unique [B]particular [C]special [D]rare

    //这是一个固定的搭配，容易误选A，这里的意思是“稀有之人或物, 珍品”。选项B是重点的选项词汇，出现过两次了。看到bird应该“料到”这是特殊的搭配，所以就不能“常理度之”，在A和D之中应该“蒙”出D来。

    也是不出所料，老师总结过一个特点，2002年之后的题目，前1、2道题目必须很难，“扰乱军心”，今年第一题不难，但是第二题就有些难度了。

    3. [A]of [B]with [C]in [D]against

    //因为institution是抽象的，不是institute！这个要看清楚。否则就选择in了。和前面的第二题是“棒打鸳鸯”。

    4. [A]subsequently [B]presently [C]previously [D]lately

    5. [A]Only [B]So [C]Even [D]Hence

    //第二段的段首题目往往比较简单。后面的might就是很好的线索。上下据逻辑分析，只有even能表达相反概念。

    6. [A]thought [B]sight [C]cost [D]risk

    //作为tremble at的宾语搭配对象，如果选择C或是D就是“中文代入”了。

    7. [A]advises [B]suggests [C]protests [D]objects

    //not only…but also，典型的“对应结构”，和后面的explain形成对应，直接做答即可。也可以根据前文的when it was first suggested. 进行对应。

    8. [A]progress [B]fact [C]need [D]question

    //主系表结构，能和表语起源于欧洲中部地区的特定人构成等号关系的 只能是 实验中选取的研究人群，所以只能是D

    9. [A]attaining [B]scoring [C]reaching [D]calculating

    //如果选择A或是B就是“中文代入”了。值得注意的是，其余几个选项都是曾经出现过的选项词汇，大家都应该非常熟悉。

    10. [A]normal [B]common [C]mean [D]total

    //已经考过的选项！甚至“搭配”出现的选项都一样，mean做adj的用法，很简单。

    11. [A]unconsciously [B]disproportionately [C]indefinitely [D]unaccountably

    12. [A]missions [B]fortunes [C]interests [D]careers

    13. [A]affirm [B]witness [C]observe [D]approve

    //多么典型的“棒打鸳鸯”。

    14. [A]moreover [B]therefore [C]however [D]meanwhile

    //“技巧”又送半分！不拿白不拿啊。

    15. [A]given up [B]got over [C]carried on [D]put down

    //put down to是归因于，很难的搭配啊，类似于inscribe to和contribute to，不过，老师课上讲过put有说的意思，在06年完形填空也考了，应该能猜到。

    give up to是让给（某人）。get over不能和to搭配，有个搭配是get over with，意思是，一劳永逸地做完(不愉快但不得不做的事), 把...做完了事。carry on也不能和to搭配。

    16. [A]assessing [B]supervising [C]administering [D]valuing

    //A是迷惑项，但是A这样的词汇是不可能成为完型的答案了，我们在2006年真题就讨论过这个。B和C一般都是跟具体的名词，而不是抽象的education。

    17. [A]development [B]origin [C]consequence [D]instrument

    //和第15题是“遥远”的“对应结构”，老师总结过的，白送分，同时又给非常难的第15题提供线索。真是一举两得啊。

    18. [A]linked [B]integrated [C]woven [D]combined

    //选择C就是“中文代入”了。

    19. [A]limited [B]subjected [C]converted [D]directed

    //2004年原题重现。送分的难题。

    20. [A]paradoxical [B]incompatible [C]inevitable [D]continuous

    //遥远的对应，对应于第一段的结尾which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.   同时 A和B是相对同意选项（约等于）2选1

    完型出处

    http://www.danieldrezner.com/archives/002103.html

    GIVING A WHOLE NEW MEANING TO "THE CHOSEN PEOPLE" MEANS

    This Economist story makes me very, very uncomfortable:

    The idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, a noted scientific iconoclast, is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution....

    Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection.

    Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a consequence of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively.

    Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.

    Read the whole article to understand the explanation of Cochran et al. Here's a link to their working paper on the topic.

    The thing is, Cochran has also advanced the idea that, "homosexuality is caused by an infection," which is just strange. posted by Dan on 06.05.05 at 04:58 PM

    第二部分

    http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=4032638

    THE idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, a noted scientific iconoclast, is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection.

    Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection. …

    一些注解：

    Tay-Sachs 病(Tay-Sachs disease)

    指一种与神经鞘脂代谢相关的隐性常染色体遗传病，因缺乏脂粒酶己糖脱氨酶A导致皮质和小脑的神经细胞及神经轴索内神经节苷脂GM2积聚、沉淀。视网膜神经纤维变性使黄斑区血管脉络暴露，眼底镜检查可见有诊断意义的桃红色斑点。在出生后6个月内还可有严重的智能及精神运动发育紊乱、易激惹、失明、强直性痉挛、惊厥，最终出现去大脑强直并在3岁左右死亡。本病在Ashkenazi犹太人发病率最高。

    文中提及的几个名人：我始终认为，能在金山词霸里面直接查到的才是名人！嘿嘿。。。

    马勒(Gustav Mahler)出生于捷克, 犹太裔奥地利籍作曲家, 作品多为规模宠大的交响乐。与布鲁克纳并称为浪漫后期最伟大的两大交响曲作曲家。马勒10岁就开了一场钢琴独奏会，算是一个音乐神童。

    Freud（Sigmund），奥地利医生，心理分析的创始人，他建立的理论认为歇斯底里病人的症状显示为健忘和无法克服的幼稚的性心理矛盾。他的心理分析理论开始遭受歧视，但后来深刻影响了20世纪的思想。

    爱因斯坦(Albert) German-born American theoretical physicist whose special and general theories of relativity revolutionized modern thought on the nature of space and time and formed a theoretical base for the exploitation of atomic energy. He won a 1921 Nobel Prize for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.

    来自网络的注释：

    Gregory Cochran——这位进化生物学家曾在1992年提出同性恋是传染病，因而变得臭名昭著——和犹他州大学的人类学家Henry Harpending、Jason Hardy两人合作进行研究。他们最终得出的结论是：伟大的爱因斯坦、心理学家弗洛伊德和著名作家Gustav Mahler都是因为犹太基因，因而比其他人更聪明。

    “人们总是倡导种族平等，” Cochran说，“但事实并非如此。”根据他们的研究，各个独立种族的智力进化是不同的。从历史条件来看，德系犹太人从事的大多是对认知要求非常苛刻的职业，比如金融家和商人。他们在这些领域的贡献，带来了社会经济的繁荣；他们在思想领域的成就，则使社会再生产中取得更大的成功。而他们的“智能基因”也就一代代遗传下来。

    同时，研究者注意到，家族遗传病也很普遍，尤其在Tay－Sachs地区和Gaucher地区。长期服用相关药物，也使得神经元有了与其他不同的发展趋势。在对突变异种进行评估，并和智力测试的分数相联系，科学家得出了这样的结论：遗传病也促进了智力的发展。种族内更高智力人群的生存优势，弥补了疾病对家族的损害。

    尽管大多数科学家都坚持文化因素在人的智力发展中，起着至关重要的作用。但Cochran深信经过几代人的发展，人文环境与强大的生物因素之间的比较，其实已经无关紧要。“因为遗传学向前推进，很多事物都被人们看成是文化的，但事实证明并非如此，”他说。

    遗传学的历史曾经被混进不光彩的一段，但经过时间的检验，严谨的研究将得出这样的结论：基因或许是让某些人更聪明的重要因素。